The chapter Percentage helps students understand how to compare quantities in a simple and meaningful way. Percentages are used everywhere—marks in exams, discounts in shopping, bank interest, sports scores, and much more. Learning this chapter strengthens students’ calculation skills and prepares them for higher classes.

🔢 What Is Percentage?

A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100.
The symbol used is %.

Examples:

• 40% means 40 out of 100

• 75% means 75 per 100

Students will learn how to:

• Convert fractions into percentages

• Convert decimals into percentages

• Change percentages back into fractions and decimals

📉 Increase and Decrease Using Percentage

Students will understand how percentages show increase or decrease in quantity.

For example:

• A 20% increase means the quantity becomes 20% more.

• A 15% decrease means the quantity becomes 15% less.

🛒 Application of Percentage in Real Life

This chapter explains how percentages are used in daily life, such as:

• Profit and loss

• Discounts in shopping

• Marks and grades

• Population growth

• Data comparison

Students will also learn to calculate:

• Percentage of a quantity

• Finding the whole when percentage is given
  (Example: If 30% of a class is 12 students, total students = ?)

⭐ Why This Chapter Is Important

Percentage helps students:

• Build strong foundational arithmetic skills

• Solve real-life problems easily

• Prepare for higher topics like ratio, proportion, profit–loss, GST, simple interest, data handling, and algebra

🎯 Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

• Understand the concept of percentage

• Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages

• Calculate percentage of a number

• Solve problems based on increase/decrease

• Apply percentage formulas in real situations